But his eyes.... His eyes are beautiful. Black as ink until you stare into them and see the tiny swirls of amber and green that dance around his pupils. Cold until you see them burn with desire that he cannot articulate. Hard until you see them soften with a rare and unexpected gentleness. Mocking until you see the fear lurking deep within their depths.
原著出版年份,这样看老文的时候知道作者动笔时可参照的原著设定的大致情况了
Nothing is more conducive to a nicotine addiction than theological debate.
波士顿糖蜜灾难(英语:Great Molasses Flood、Boston Molasses Disaster或Great Boston Molasses Flood)是1919年1月15日,美国马萨诸塞州波士顿名为北区的住宅区中一座巨大糖蜜储存罐爆炸所引起的灾难。汹涌的糖蜜波浪以约每小时56公里的速度冲入周围的街道,导致21人死亡,150人受伤,大量建筑物被损坏。这一事件已经进入当地的都市传说,居民声称如今在炎热的夏日,街道仍然能闻到糖蜜味。
Potter runs his hand over his face. "Perhaps I should start from the very beginning."
"A very good place to start."
He peers at me through his fringe. "Did you really just quote Maria von Trapp at me?"
My face burns. I sip my tea and let my mouth curl into a sneer. "Don't be an idiot." In any case, technically it would Rodgers and Hammerstein, damn it.
[MARIA]
Let's start at the very beginning
A very good place to start
When you read, you begin with
[GRETL, spoken]
A-B-C
[MARIA]
When you sing, you begin with do-re-mi
[CHILDREN]
Do-re-mi
[MARIA]
Do-re-mi
The first three notes just happen to be
Do-re-mi
[CHILDREN]
Do-re-mi
[MARIA]
Do-re-mi-fa-so-la-ti
(spoken)
Oh, let's see if I can make it easier
See upcoming pop shows
Get tickets for your favorite artists
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Port Antonio
J. Cole
THE HEART PART 6
Drake
SKINNY
Billie Eilish
(sung)
Do, a deer, a female deer
Re, a drop of golden sun
Mi, a name I call myself
Fa, a long, long way to run
So, a needle pulling thread
La, a note to follow so
Ti, a drink with jam and bread
That will bring us back to do, oh, oh, oh
"Two pots." I don't give Potter a chance to answer. It's cold outside and the tea is excellent. "And spring rolls and na-tang to start."
She nods and leaves us with the menus--nearly a dozen pages of choices. I set mine aside. Unadventurously I order kow soi each time.
Nataing (Khmer: ណាតាំង) or Khao Tang Na Tang (Thai: ข้าวตังหน้าตั้ง) is a Cambodian and Thai style red pork curry dip. It is a creamy ground pork dish cooked in coconut milk, often served with rice cakes.
-维基
Khao Tang Na Tang is a Thai dish of crispy rice squares served with a creamy coconut & peanut spread – typically made with pork.
-
调料
200 克碎猪肉;
200 克 虾碎
香菜根,大蒜,2 汤匙胡椒粉
2 杯椰奶
1/2 杯磨碎的烤花生
50 克红葱头葱片。
20 克 蒜蓉
1 茶匙盐
60 克 棕榈糖
生筋米
1. 用中火加热锅,加入椰奶,将火调高至沸腾。
2. 加入混合在一起的香菜根、大蒜和胡椒粉,翻炒香。加入猪肉末和虾末,翻炒至熟。
3. 加入椰奶,等待再次煮沸。加入烤花生和捣碎,然后加入切成薄片的青葱,转小火,炖至花生和青葱变软。
4. 用盐和糖调味。从炉子中取出,放在一边冷却。
5. 与锅巴/脆米饼一起食用。
1 -2 个大干辣椒(洗净,用水浸泡至软,切成小块)
芫荽根 1茶匙
大蒜 1 汤匙(切片)
1/4 茶匙辣椒粉
1 3/4 杯椰奶
1 杯猪肉末
2 1/2 汤匙砂糖
鱼露 2汤匙
1/4 杯磨碎的烤花生
青葱 (Soi
香菜
1. 用研钵将干辣椒彻底捣碎。加入香菜根、大蒜、胡椒粉,捣碎至细小。放入杯中,放在一边。
2. 将 2-3 勺椰奶放入锅中,用中火炖使其稍微分散。放入捣碎的物质并搅拌至融化。加入剩余的椰奶,等待其沸腾。加入猪肉末,加入骿拌不要结块,加入调味料、糖、鱼露(如果喜欢辣味,可以加少许辣椒粉)。等待它再次沸腾。加入烤花生和青葱。关火。如果你喜欢浓些,你可以继续炖至水退去。
3. 用香菜装饰。
Ingredients
1 can jackfruit (in brine, NOT syrup!)
1 can coconut milk
1/4 cup roasted unsalted peanuts, ground
1 tbsp peanutbutter
1 tbsp hoison sauce
1 tbsp tamarind paste
1 shallot, minced
1 large garlic clove, minced
1 tsp red pepper flakes
1 tbsp coconut oil
salt to taste
puffed rice squares for serving
Optional: Lime, cilantro, and carrot for garnish
Instructions
Prep your jackfruit. Drain and slice off the hard, solid sections and remove seeds. Separate the soft, pulled-pork-like bits into a bowl for use.
Add coconut oil to a pan at medium heat. Saute shallot, garlic, and red pepper flakes until very lightly browned. Add jackfruit, stirring occasionally. Remove from heat after a few minutes to avoid over-cooking the jackfruit. Otherwise, it will get too soft and not have the texture you want.
While you’re sauteeing your jackfruit, get a sauce pan or small pot going at medium-high heat with the coconut milk, ground roasted peanuts, peanut butter, hoison, and tamarind paste. Allow this to meld together for a bit. Taste occasionally and add salt to taste.
Once your have your sauce seasoned to perfection, add the jackfruit and allow it to marinate in the sauce for 3-5 minutes. You now have na tang spread!
Pour your na tang into a bowl and serve with puffed rice squares (available at most Asian grocery stores).
金面,又称泰北金面(泰语:ข้าวซอย [kʰâw sɔːj]; 老挝语:ເຂົ້າຊອຍ;英语:),是泰北菜里最著名的面品之一,因其黄金色的面条而得名。
因受到中国回族饮食文化的影响,与其他典型的泰北菜不同的是,金面是以小麦制作的鸡蛋面,加入鸡肉、牛肉和椰奶等配料来烹制,而不是泰国平常所见的大米制作的米线和猪肉配料。金麺汤多以咖喱配上胡姜、姜黄和生姜作为汤底,加上椰奶、酱油与棕榈糖等来炖熟,浇淋到煮熟的金麺上即可烘出那独特的香味。金麺还多配以辛辣的配料如香葱、腌辣酸菜和辣椒酱等。除了传统的鸡肉和牛肉金麺,还有鲜虾金麺、墨鱼金麺、泰北香肠金麺、蕉叶猪肉金麺、杂菜金麺、金麺沙拉、金麺卷筒粉等各种新颖的配料和做法。
-维基
2 Thai bird's eye chilies
2 medium shallots
6 cloves garlic
1-inch piece ginger (peeled and sliced)
1/4 cup cilantro (stems and leaves, rinsed)
zest of 1 lime
2 teaspoons ground turmeric
2 teaspoons ground coriander
1 teaspoon curry powder
2 tablespoons shrimp paste (Thai, filipino, or Chinese shrimp pastes will all work; can substitute laksa paste)
- For the soup:
2 tablespoons vegetable oil
1 pound boneless, skinless chicken thighs (sliced)
2 tablespoons Thai red curry paste
4 cups low sodium chicken stock
2 teaspoons brown sugar
14 ounces unsweetened coconut milk
3 tablespoons fish sauce (or to taste)
1 pound fresh Chinese egg noodles (thick wonton noodles work well)
- To garnish:
thinly sliced shallots
lime wedges
pickled mustard stems/greens
crispy noodles
chopped cilantro
Thai chili paste (Nam Prik Pao)
- Instructions
Add all the curry paste ingredients to a food processor and pulse until you get a smooth paste.
Heat oil in a large pot over medium high heat. Add 2 tablespoons vegetable oil and stir-fry the chicken until browned. Remove from the pot and set aside. To the fat left in the pot, add the paste. Fry for 3-5 minutes, until fragrant. Add the canned Thai red curry paste, broth, and brown sugar, and bring to a boil.
Reduce the heat to low. When the broth is at a low simmer, add the coconut milk and fish sauce. Add the chicken back to the broth.
Meanwhile, cook the noodles according to package instructions.
To serve, divide the noodles among 4 bowls. Cover with chicken and broth, and garnish with sliced shallots, lime wedges, pickled mustard greens, fried noodles, cilantro, and Thai chili paste.
在欧洲各语言中,无论是属于拉丁语族的西班牙文、法文,还是属于日耳曼语族的德文、丹麦文等语言中,这一词都有着类似的词根。在英语里,Dragon这个词在13世纪初由古法语进入英语,并通过拉丁语演变而来:draconem(主格,draco),意思是 "巨大的蛇,龙(huge serpent, dragon)",源自古希腊语drákōn(δράκων)(属格:drákontos(δράκοντος)),意思是"蛇,巨大的海鱼(serpent, giant seafish)"。“drakon”的词根“drak-”有“注视”的意思,因此“drakon”字面上可能是指“拥有(死亡的)注视者”。
衔尾蛇(英语:Ouroboros,音译乌洛波罗斯,希腊语:οὐροβόρος),亦作咬尾蛇,是一个古代流传下来的符号,形象为一条蛇(或龙)吞食自己的尾巴,结果形成一个圆环(有时亦会展示成扭纹形,即“∞”),其名字涵义为“自我吞食者”。这个符号一直都有很多不同的象征意义,而当中最为人接受的是“无限大”、“循环”等。另外,衔尾蛇亦是宗教及神话中的常见符号,在炼金术中更是重要的徽记。近代,有些心理学家(如卡尔·荣格)认为,衔尾蛇其实反映了人类心理的原型。
“这头生物并不拥有眼睛,因为在它的外围已经没有任何需要观望的东西存在;它亦没有耳朵,因为外围没有任何需要聆听的事物;外围没有任何的气息,所以它不用呼吸;它没有任何的器官,因为在它身边没有任何东西会被它吸进或由它排泄,所以不需要进行任何消化。在它被生育出来的时候,它的排泄物就安排成为它的食粮,它的行为及其行为之影响都源于它,亦受之于它。造物者构想出这头能够自给自足的生物,这比其它缺乏一切东西的生物来得完满。另外,它不需要向任何对象采取任何防卫的措施,造物者认为没有必要给予任何献牲到它的手上。它亦没有足与脚,它的整体本来就是一种移动的手段。它虽然拥有无上的心灵与智慧,但它对移动的概念却相当模糊,因为它只在同一个位置上存在,所以它的移动轨迹有如圆球;可是随着它本身的局限,它只能不停的环状旋转着。”
— 柏拉图
The glass in my hand trembles. Whisky splashes across my thumb. "Even if we said such creatures do in fact exist, they are undead. Which I would bloody well assume means unable to reproduce."
"Ah." Dumbledore drops his hand. His glasses slide to the edge of his nose. "And there would be the rub. However, there are many elements of folklore that suggest the ability of human women to reproduce via intercourse with such creatures as incubi. The legend of Merlin claims that he is the result of such a union and even your own Church discusses the possibility in the Malleus Maleficarum. Of course Father Ludovico Maria Sinistrari holds an opposite view from tradition in his Daemonialitas, yes? As I recall he believed that intercourse with an incubus--or a succubus for that matter--would be a positive experience for the human--"
… His two stitches across the heel of my palm are neat and careful, though, and he slicks my hand with a salve of his own concoction, comfrey and golden seal. I cannot complain; it was what I would have used myself.
聚合草(学名:Symphytum officinale)为紫草科聚合草属的植物。分布在俄罗斯以及中国大陆的 福建省、 四川省、 中国、 湖北省、江苏省等地,目前已由人工引种栽培。
花语为“寂静”。为多年生草本,高60~90公分,有香气。有补血、止泻之效。主治高血压、出血、止痢等,并有防癌、抗癌作用。
别名
康复草(半音译英语Comfrey)、友谊草(吉林)、爱国草(北京)、康富利、康副利、康富力、鳍玻璃草、玻璃草、黑草
金印草(学名:Hydrastis canadensis),又名白毛茛或北美黄莲,是多年生的毛茛科植物,原产于加拿大东南部及美国东北部。其种加词“canadensis”意为“加拿大的”。
形态
它们的根茎粗壮及呈黄色。在地上的茎略带紫色及有毛,地底下的呈黄色,连接着根茎。金印草的叶子呈手掌状及有毛,叶子上有5-7块双锯齿的小叶,并会在春末长出单支细小的花朵。在夏天会长出单一个草莓,外观像山莓,有10-30颗种子。[2]
金印草有多种医药疗效,包括可以作为抗菌药、内服帮助消化、或是用来漱口清除口腔溃疡。
日本的白根葵以往被分类在金印草属中,现已改为分类在白根葵属。
传统用途
早至欧洲殖民美洲时,一些原住民就已经大量使用金印草,仍为医药或染料。班哲明·史密斯·巴顿(Benjamin Smith Barton)就指切罗基人以金印草来医治癌症。他后来进一步指出金印草可以作为苦味补药,或是洗涤眼炎之用。于1830年代康斯坦丁·萨缪尔·拉方斯克-舒马茨(Constantine Raffinesque)的时期,金印草成为了折衷医学的宠儿。
金印草在折衷医学上大量用作治疗乳癌及肿胀。有建议使用金印草来治疗乳房的硬肿胀,而细小及无痛的疙瘩则以毒人参属来处理。这两种药草单独或是与浮游植物及红车轴草来治疗癌症。
另外金印草可以用来治疗胃部的功能性障碍、卡他性胃炎、张力缺乏性消化不良、慢性便秘、肝淤血、肝硬化、延后的热症、慢性大脑充血、子宫复旧不全、产后出血、鼻黏膜炎、溃疡、口腔溃疡、黏液表面不正常情况、白带、胆石、乳房肿胀及甲状腺肿。[3]
现时金印草会用作为变质剂、抗卡他性、抗炎性、抗菌剂、收湿药料、苦味补药、轻泻药及肌肉兴奋剂。金印草非常苦,会刺激食欲及帮助消化,并会刺激胆汁的分泌。
原理
很多人都认为金印草有直接的抗菌性,但其原理却更为复杂。研究发现在使用金印草后,小肠内的病原体水平并没有下降,但病征却得到改善。[7][8]另一项研究发现大肠杆菌的带菌者,在服用黄连素后体内的病原体或细菌水平并没有下降,但有42-48%的腹泻病征得到改善。[9]金印草其实是黏液膜的补药,可以增加黏液膜的分泌。相反,它亦具有收湿功效,可以降低黏液膜的分泌。故此,在黏液膜分泌不足时可以帮助补充,而在黏液膜分泌过多时停止分泌。它们的抗菌性并非直接杀死病菌,而是增加体内含有免疫球蛋白A的健康黏液。
成分及药理
金印草含有多种异喹啉生物碱,包括金印草素、黄连素、5-羟基小檗碱、白毛茛分碱及坎那定等。[10]黄连素及金印草素都是季碱,不溶于水但却溶于酒精。
大部分细菌及真菌,并一些原生生物及衣原体都会受静脉内黄连素的影响。[6]黄连素单独使用只有微弱的抗菌性,因很多微生物都会将黄连素爪细胞排出。不过,金印草作为草药却可以合成为外排泵抑制剂,减低抗药性。[11]
毒性
大部分有关金印草的研究都着重研究其含有的黄连素,不过黄连素本身在不同的植物中都会对身体造成不同的反应。于1996年,欧盟指刺檗因含有黄连素而有严重的风险,且没有任何好处。不过只有一个中国的实验指硫酸黄连素并不适合治疗产前黄疸症。[12]不过,这只是提供了怀孕时不要服用金印草的意见。[13]
金印草的毒物学及药理学研究都是针对黄连素及金印草素。某一构成物的毒性并不能代表整个草药的毒性。例如一项研究发现金印草素对老鼠的致死量比金印草含量低12倍。[6][14]
黄连素对人类的致死量相信为每公斤27.5毫克。口服黄连素的吸收率很慢,在4小时后才到达高峰,8小时后就会消失。[15]黄连素会随尿液排出,而有证据显示人类皮肤也会吸收黄连素。黄连素可以阻塞平滑肌受体、阻塞心脏的钾离子通道及减低心室心搏过速、阻碍小肠的离子分泌及在消化道生成毒素和增加胆汁分泌。[6]
怀孕及小童不应服用金印草。金印草与一些具有狭窄治疗窗的药物,如华法林、环孢霉素、蛋白酶抑制剂及强心甙类等,的互相作用须特别小心。
注意事项
实际上,只有10%的金印草是运用得宜。[7]在感染的初期不应服用金印草,尤其是对金印草素及黄连素有反应的感染,如上呼吸道感染。一般要待痰呈黄色或绿色时才开始服用,最多只可服用两星期。长时期服用金印草会影响对维他命B的吸收。[8]怀孕及授乳、患有肠胃炎及促发炎失调也应避免服用金印草。 可对抗感染和发炎,清洁身体,增强胰岛素的作用和强化免疫系统、结肠、胰脏、脾脏、淋巴和循环系统。改善消化、调理月经、减少子宫出血、降低血压和刺激中枢神经系统。对于过敏、溃疡和影响膀胱、前列腺、胃或阴道的疾病有益处。在感冒、流行性感冒或喉咙痛的第一个病征出现时使用,可抑制它们的形成。
兴奋剂检查
自1900年,John Uri Lloyd出版了《Stringtown on the Pike》后,美国就流传金印草可以欺瞒兴奋剂检查。在一些赛马的吗啡检测中也有尝试使用金印草来掩饰,但却不成功。[16]有两项研究都证实口服金印草对尿液测试没有影响。[15]喝大量清水及服用金印草的测试者尿液内的兴奋剂水平相同。
保育状况
金印草由于过度采集而处于濒危。它们于19世纪中叶开始流行,到了1905年,其数量而很少。野生的金印草现已很稀有,且被列在《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》的保护下。[17]每年就有达6千万棵金印草被采集。[18]山巅移除采矿令金印草失去了很多生长地,加上外围经济的压力,透过这种方法移除野生金印草也变得合法,故对金印草的生长造成极度的威胁。[19]
其实也有其他的植物含有黄连素,包括黄连、黄根木及冬青叶十大功劳根。[7]
The door to the breakfast room flies open. Potter strides in, wearing loose jeans and a faded t-shirt. Peeling letters proclaim his devotion to The Who. Roger Daltry would be so pleased, I'm certain. His feet are bare.
Adult owls swoop above us, hooting softly, their wings spread wide. Dumbledore looks up.
"Beautiful, are they not?"
I eye the birds dubiously. "In a Hitchcockian way, perhaps."
阿尔弗雷德·希区柯克爵士[注 1],KBE(英语:Sir Alfred Hitchcock,1899年8月13日—1980年4月29日)是一位英国电影导演及制片人,作品以其独特的风格和技巧而闻名,他善于利用紧张的情节、出色的摄影、巧妙的编辑和引人入胜的角色发展来吸引观众,华文社会人称“紧张大师”。
美国电影学会评选的AFI百年百大电影名单上,希区柯克的作品有四部入选(《迷魂记》、《惊魂记》、《后窗》、《西北偏北》);在AFI百年百大爱情电影名单上,他有三部电影入选(《迷魂记》、《捉贼记》、《美人计》),在AFI百年百大惊悚电影名单上,希区柯克主导了最多的九部电影(《惊魂记》、《西北偏北》、《鸟》、《后窗》、《迷魂记》、《火车怪客》、《美人计》、《电话谋杀案》、《蝴蝶梦》),在前七名囊括了三部,包括榜首的影片。
电影主题
清白的中产阶级男士
希区柯克擅用清白的中产阶级男士无端卷入国防、间谍、谋杀等事件阐述他一贯的道德辩证立场。在其杰作之一《西北偏北》,罗杰·索荷(英语:Roger Thornhill,加里·格兰特饰)原本只是一位多金的生意人,却因为招了一下手,自己就被两位穿西装的男人绑架架走。他被绑架之后依然担忧他母亲,仿佛在他遇见金发女郎伊芙·坎多(英语:Eve Kendall,爱娃·森特饰)之前他从未有过男女感情生活,完全被势力庞大的家族占住大半时间。
金发女郎
希区柯克对金发女郎情有独钟,特别是自从他采用彩色底片拍片之后,他采用的女演员都是金发女郎。
格蕾丝·凯利(Grace Kelly):《电话谋杀案》、《捉贼记》、《后窗》
金·露华(Kim Novak) :《迷魂记》
爱娃·玛丽·森特(Eva Marie Saint):《西北偏北》
黛碧·海伦(Tippi Hedren):《鸟》、《艳贼》
多丽丝·戴 (Doris Day) :《擒凶记》
麦高芬
麦高芬(MacGuffin,也称麦胡言)是希区柯克电影中一个重要的概念,指一些在剧情中有很大重要性,却子虚乌有的东西。根据1966年出版的特吕弗(François Truffaut)对阿尔弗雷德·希区柯克的经典访谈录,希区柯克亲自解释:
“在英格兰的一列火车上面,两位旅客互相交谈。
其中一位问:‘对不起,先生,请问在您头上的奇怪包包是什么东西?’
‘喔,这个呀,这是一个麦高芬。’
‘有什么作用的呢?’
‘是用作设陷阱捕捉苏格兰高原的狮子。’
‘啊??但是苏格兰高原没有狮子呀!’
‘喔,那就没有麦高芬了。’
所以你看,一个麦高芬即什么都不是。”[5]
蒙太奇
蒙太奇剪辑风格就是运用一连串短时间的镜头(通常都是特写镜头)快速剪辑起来,制造视觉上凌乱及心理上紧张的感觉。
希区柯克后期最成熟的影片几乎都使用蒙太奇剪辑风格[6],例如《西北偏北》、《惊魂记》、《鸟》。
《西北偏北》:罗杰·索荷(英语:Roger Thornhill,加里·格兰特饰)单独一人被诱骗到广阔的玉米田,从高空临下拍摄的镜头中,公车从远处缓缓驶来,下车的男主角在画面中只是一个小点,显得渺小与徬徨,接着是关于他的镜头以及他的主观镜头互相剪辑;再来则是他遭到飞机喷洒农药攻击,全部过程被拆解成罗杰·索荷他一人以及飞机的互相剪辑;最后则是罗杰·索荷发现到远方来了一辆大卡车,他诱使飞机撞上那辆大卡车,将观点转移到经过的路人,趁此时大家都不注意的时候加里·格兰特偷开走另外一人的轿车。此段落不仅是电影语言的经典示范,并已收纳进无数本电影教科书中当作范例。
《惊魂记》(浴室谋杀案):珍妮特·利(英语:Janet Leigh)在浴室内淋浴,整个过程被拆解成浴室内的不同物品并且用不同角度拍摄。例如淋浴用的莲蓬头,可以用水平的角度拍摄它,也突然可以用超级仰角的角度让莲蓬头对着摄影机的方向喷水。珍妮特·利的人体也被选择性拍摄,不仅制造出她独自一人浑然忘我的情境,当然也避免过度拍摄裸露的人体导致引起电影检查的麻烦。突然浴室门被打开,一把刀的特写出现,然后摄影机从珍妮特·利的角度拍摄到防水塑胶布后面的人影,预告接下来的谋杀。整个谋杀过程也被拆解成动刀的动作跟珍妮特·利惊吓吼叫的特写,最后结束在血水流向出水口的特写画面。
《鸟》:一群人躲在餐厅里面,望着加油站那边遭到鸟群攻击的段落。由于汽油不慎流出,餐厅里面的人顺着汽油的流向产生出“餐厅里面的人”以及“餐厅里面的人的主观镜头”互相剪辑,最后结束在一不知情男士为了点香烟不慎将流出来的汽油点燃,导致加油站大爆炸的画面。
Dumbledore nods and his glasses slip to the end of his nose. The sunlight is harsh against his face, highlighting every wrinkle, every age spot. He's old, I realise, far older than his spryness would indicate. "His name was Gellert. We were once..." He trails off for a moment, then sighs. "Close."
"What's his name?" I ask. I have to know. "My grandfather. Who was he?"
Mother doesn't answer for a moment. "When he was alive, he was called Tom Riddle," she says with a sigh. "Don't ask what he calls himself now, Severus. It's better not to know." She walks from the room. I hear her steps echo along the foyer, and then the door snicks shut.
"Si tu love (你有钱吗)?" the boy asks Potter in an oddly lilting sing-song.
Potter looks at him blankly, then shakes his head. "I'm sorry; I don't understand."
"Si tu love(你有钱吗)?" The child tries again and Potter leans forward.
"Are you looking for your mum?"
I roll my eyes and lower my missal. "He's asking for money, you idiot." I glare at his older sister. "Chavi (孩子们/小鬼们)."
She looks over at me and blinks slowly. "Can tute rakker Romanes (你会说罗姆语)?" she asks in surprise.
With a snort, I nod. In order to understand my mother in a temper I'd had to learn the language. "Me rockav(我会说)." I point over at the others. "Naj len love(他们没钱)." Before she can ask about the state of my own wallet, I stop her with a curt naj ma love(我没钱).
The children look disappointed, then the girl brightens as her eyes fall on the rosary in my lap. "Tu san rashay(你是神父)," she begins and I cut her off.
"Beses tele(你们去坐下)."
My fingers grip the stake tightly. In a manner, he is correct. It is not the words that will kill him, I know. Not the physical accoutrements of the Christian religion, whatever the folklore states. They mean little, really. Mere stumbling blocks to slow the creatures. They needn't be crucifixes or prayers to saints or holy water. The true power that they have comes only through my own belief in their holiness. The Star of David, the name of Allah, the Ashtamangala, fire, hawthorn, garlic… all would accomplish the same if the wielder has faith in them. They are merely tools. Frail fragments of faith used against evil.
"I give you a chance for your freedom." Voldemort tilts his head, studying me. "What has your idiotic Church to offer you?"
I'm silent for a long moment, then I meet his eyes. "Grace," I say softly, and the emptiness in me slides away. In an instant, my choice is made. I wonder if it had been all along. "For all its myriad faults, it offers grace."
Ferris shrugs. "Grace, Severus. It's a gift of God freely given in an act of love. Basic theology and you know it as well as I. The only requirement for our acceptance of it is to be open to the possibility. Whatever our church fathers might claim, I find no reason why someone such as yourself would not be."
I frown. "And Augustine argues that any sin is a turning from God. A bondage--"
"Oh, good Lord." Ferris throws up his hands and scowls at me. "Stop being so deliberately contrary. While I realise you prefer to skulk about in your dysphoria, even Augustine acknowledges the work of grace to restore communion with the Father." His eyes narrow. "And need I bring up Aquinas' gratia gratum faciens?"
基督教神学里,恩典就是上帝自发地赐予人类的“礼物”,特点是“慷慨”、“白白赐予”、“完全出乎意料”并且是“人们不配得的”。 [1]恩典一词,最早出现于《旧约圣经》第一卷书《创世记》中,原文为希伯来文,解作“恩惠、慈爱”, [2]而《新约圣经》原文是由使徒和传道人以“通用希腊语”(又称“新约希腊语”)写成,在通用希腊文中,“恩典”(χάρις)一词解作“礼物、恩惠”,亦就是上帝对罪人的爱。 [3]圣经相信罪人只能藉恩典得拯救。由于恩典就是上帝给予人类的“礼物”,所以这爱是人类不配得到的。 [4][1]
天主教思高本译为恩宠(拉丁语:gratia)。
圣经经文
旧约
七十士译本将希伯来语中表示“好意”的词根翻译成“恩典”,例如创世纪6:8中描述上帝将诺亚从大洪水中救出的部分[5]。旧约中使用“恩典”一词包括恩典的许多行为,例如对穷人的善意和慷慨[5]。关于上帝恩典的描述在旧约中十分丰富,例如出埃及记34、申命记7:8和民数记6:24-27。在诗篇中,上帝恩典的例子包括颁布律法(诗篇119:29)和回答祷告者(诗篇27:7)[5]。另一个例子出现在诗篇85中叙述被掳巴比伦后一个祈祷上帝宽恕的祷告者的故事[6]。
新约
在新约圣经里,“恩典”一词通常是希腊语词汇charis的英语翻译,这个词在新约里大约出现了150次,其中三分之二出现在保罗的作品里[7]。提多书2:11中提到:“因为神救众人的恩典,已经显明出来”(For the grace of God has appeared for the salvation of all people.),以弗所书2:8提到“你们得救是本乎恩,也因着信,这并不是出于自己,乃是神所赐的。”(For by grace you are saved through faith, and this is not from yourselves; it is God's gift.)自从早期基督教时期,神学家们就发展和阐明了这样一个概念[7]。
不同教派的立场
不同教派对恩典的认知持有不同的看法。天主教、东正教相信圣事(或称“圣礼”)对于信徒得到恩典的重要性;而大部分新教教派,如浸信会等,认为对上帝的信仰对于得到救赎恩典才是最重要的,即“因信称义”、“唯独信仰”。
恩典的概念被认为是“天主教和新教、加尔文主义和阿民念主义的分水岭”[8]。天主教认为,圣事是信徒获得恩宠的最方便的办法,而新教普遍不这么认为。加尔文主义者强调“人除了恩典,将一无所助”(the utter helplessness of man apart from grace.);而阿民念主义者将上帝的恩典理解为与一个人的能力和意志有关,即先行恩典。基督教神学家查尔斯·C·莱利(Charles C. Ryrie)认为,现代的自由主义给了人一种夸大的能力来让他决定他自己的命运、影响他的得救,而非上帝的恩典,不过他仍然写到保守主义者坚持上帝的恩典对于得救的重要性[8]。
路德宗
宗教改革家马丁路德和路德宗信徒相信:“恩典”意味着上帝对人类充满慈悲,祂因着耶稣基督而慈悲对待所有人,宽恕人所有的罪恶,不将“罪”归咎于人,也不愿以“永远的死亡”施惩罚。“因基督的缘故,宽恕罪恶,当中上帝遮盖所有的罪过。这就是恩典。”[9]
关于山楂有许多传说。由于过去欧洲人认为山楂可以阻挡恶魔和邪恶的魔鬼,山楂往往被种在院子和田野的边上作为屏障。
在欧洲第一位纪录山楂的药用作用的是1世纪时期的迪奥斯克里德斯。在中国,山楂在中医中有使用。在美洲当地的印第安人也知道山楂的药用作用。
相传英国理查三世和后来的亨利七世在Boswolds决战时,英王的王冠被此树勾起。
红背伯劳鸟会将它捕捉到的昆虫刺在山楂的刺上作为储藏,因此它在德文中获得了“九杀”(Neuntöter)的名字。
苏联1950年代流行歌曲《乌拉尔的花楸树》讲述的是一个三角恋故事:两名爱上同一名女子的男青年在同一棵山楂树下等待恋人,女子感到难以抉择。但歌曲原名并非指山楂树,而是指乌拉尔的花楸树。
Travel along the sharp curves of the Transfagarasan Road is treacherous at the best of times. From late October to June Romanian officials close the road to traffic due to heavy snowfall in the mountains. One wrong turn of the wheel could send a car spinning off the side of a cliff.
We take the road anyway.
川斯发格拉山公路(the Transfagarasan Road)。这条高山公路在王牌汽车节目Top Gear里曾被主持人Jeremy Carlson称为是世界上最棒的公路。这条路在罗马尼亚的最高峰之间回返往复,被称为“通天大道”,也是世界上最著名的高山公路之一,曾被评为15条最美的自驾公路之一。一路自驾,一路炫酷,一路惊喜!
川斯发格拉山公路S型盘山公路穿越罗马尼亚弗格拉斯山脉(Fagaras),即南喀尔巴阡山脉(South Carpathians)的一部分,位于该国最高峰摩尔多韦亚努峰(Moldoveanu)和Negoiu峰之间。全长90公里,最高海拔2043米,是罗马尼亚的第二高山路。这条山路上有5座隧道,27座高架桥,831座小桥。连通着罗马尼亚历史最悠久的特兰西瓦尼亚(Transylvania)和瓦拉几亚(Wallachia)地区。山路于夏日开放,一般视天气而定10月底或11月起会关闭数月。
这条公路是罗马尼亚共产主义领导人尼古拉.齐奥塞斯库(Nicolae Ceaușescu)执政期间里程碑式的产物,耗费无数人力物力历经五年最终于1974年完成,据说花费了6000吨的炸药。
S型高山公路给自驾者带来非一般的体验,也是摩托车爱好者们的心头好。自驾在崇山峻岭之间,你只能感叹人的力量是无穷大的。除了征服每一个弯道的乐趣之外,一路上还会看到各种大小瀑布、Balea高山湖泊、Vidraru大坝等。在山路顶端,可以俯瞰道路走向和山谷美景。
拉丁语版
Ave Maria, gratia plena,
Dominus tecum,
benedicta tu in mulieribus,
et benedictus fructus ventris tui, Iesus.
Sancta Maria, Mater Dei,
ora pro nobis peccatoribus,
nunc, et in hora mortis nostrae.
Amen.
英语版
Hail Mary, full of grace,
the Lord is with you;
blessed are you among women,
and blessed is the fruit of thy womb, Jesus.
Holy Mary, Mother of God,
pray for us sinners,
now and at the hour of our death.
Amen.
汉语文言文版
万福玛利亚,满被圣宠者,
主与尔偕焉,女中尔为赞美,
尔胎子耶稣,并为赞美。
天主圣母玛利亚,为我等罪人,
今祈天主,及我等死候。
阿们。
现代汉语白话文版
万福玛利亚,你充满圣宠,
主与你同在,你在妇女中受赞颂,
你的亲子耶稣同受赞颂。
天主圣母玛利亚,
求你现在和我们临终时,
为我们罪人祈求天主。
阿们。
圣母经(英语:Hail Mary;拉丁语:Ave Maria)是基督宗教的传统祈祷文之一,向耶稣的母亲马利亚致敬。该祈祷基于路加福音中的两段圣经情节:天使加百列访问马利亚(天使报喜),以及马利亚随后访问施洗约翰的母亲伊丽莎白(访问)。该祈祷文是对被视为Theotokos(诞神女)的马利亚的赞美和祈求的祈祷。自16世纪以来,天主教会使用的祈祷版本以呼吁她的代祷结束。祈祷在各种传统中采用不同的形式,并且经常被设置为歌曲。
在拉丁礼教会中,圣母玛利亚构成了其他祈祷的基础,如《三钟经》和《玫瑰经》。在东正教会的圣歌中,每天都会朗诵或吟唱一篇《天主之母》(希腊语:Θεοτοκίον,罗马化:Theotokion;复数形—希腊语:Θεοτοκία,罗马化:Theotokia)赞美上帝之母。除了 Theotokion 之外,东正教会还有一个与圣母玛利亚非常相似的祈祷文(没有明确要求玛利亚代祷),无论是希腊文还是翻译文,都是为了频繁的私人祈祷。东仪天主教会遵循各自的传统或采用拉丁教会版本,许多其他历史上与天主教会相关的西方团体也使用这种版本,例如信义宗、圣公宗、独立天主教徒和旧天主教徒。
临圣诞之际给二位献上一曲颂歌,先是爱尔兰乐队The Irish Rovers版本
最古老的圣诞颂歌,God Rest Ye , Merry Gentlemen-上帝赐予你快乐,先生们!_哔哩哔哩_bilibili
再是管风琴演奏版本
God Rest Ye Merry Gentlemen 2014 - arr. Barry Holben_哔哩哔哩_bilibili
蜜豆狸 发表于 2024-12-15 08:00
He swayed back and forth to the muted music, emanating from the ballroom behind him. He hummed along, softly at first, staring down at the brightly bedecked shops below, before giving into to the inevitable.
"...let nothing you dismay, remember Christ our Saviour was born on Christmas Day...."
That was enough for Snape. There were many tortures he could bear, from psychological to physical, but the combination of Potter's off-key singing and that sodding song was far too much for any one man to bear. Not even Voldemort had been that cruel. Cruciatus was a more tolerable punishment.
全曲歌词
God rest ye merry, gentlemen, 上帝赐予你快乐,先生们,
Let nothing you dismay, 让万事充满希望,无事令你惊慌
Remember Christ our Savior 请记得基督,我们的救世主
Was born on Christmas day, 诞生于圣诞节
To save us all from Satan's pow'r 为从撒旦的力量下挽救我们所有人
When we were gone astray; 在我们误入歧途之时;
O tidings of comfort and joy, 噢,天赐福音,带来舒适与喜悦
Comfort and joy, 舒适与喜悦
O tidings of comfort and joy. 噢,天赐福音,带来舒适与喜悦
From God our heavenly Father 从上帝,我们的天父那儿
A blessed angel came. 一位被祝福的天使来了.
And unto certain shepherds 降临至牧羊人们之中
Brought tidings of the same, 带来了同样(令人欣喜的)喜讯,
How that in Bethlehem was born 告诉他们,在伯利恒诞生
The Son of God by name: 神的儿子的名字:
O tidings of comfort and joy, 噢,天赐福音,带来舒适与喜悦
Comfort and joy, 舒适与喜悦
O tidings of comfort and joy. 噢,天赐福音,带来舒适与喜悦.
"Fear not," then said the angel "别怕",天使说
"Let nothing you affright" 我们将无所畏惧
This day is born a saviour 今天将有一位救世主诞生
Of a pure virgin bright 他笼罩在纯净圣洁的光芒之下
To free all those who trust in him 他将解救信奉于他的世人
From Satan's pow'r and might" 从撒旦的力量之下
O tidings of comfort and joy,噢,天赐福音,带来舒适与喜悦.
Comfort and joy;舒适与喜悦
O tidings of comfort and joy!噢,天赐福音,带来舒适与喜悦.
The shepherds at those tidings 牧羊人听到这些喜讯
Rejoiced much in mind, 内心高兴不已
And left their flocks a-feeding, 丢下他们正在喂养的羊群
In tempest, storm, and wind, 在暴风雨,风暴和风中
And went to Bethlehem straightway 向伯利恒径直而去
This blessed babe to find: 去寻找那个被赐福的婴儿
O tidings of comfort and joy, 噢,天赐福音,带来舒适与喜悦
Comfort and joy, 舒适与喜悦
O tidings of comfort and joy. 噢,天赐福音,带来舒适与喜悦.
But when to Bethlehem they came, 但当他们来到伯利恒
Whereat this infant lay 这个婴儿出生的地方时
They found him in a manger, 他们在一个饲槽里
Where oxen feed on hay; 一个用干草喂养牛的地方发现他,
His mother Mary kneeling, 他的母亲玛丽跪在地上,
Unto the Lord did pray: 向上帝祈祷着
O tidings of comfort and joy,噢,天赐福音,带来舒适与喜悦.
Comfort and joy, 舒适与喜悦
O tidings of comfort and joy.噢,天赐福音,带来舒适与喜悦.
Now to the Lord sing praises, 此刻向主高唱颂歌,
All you within this place, "所有在这个地方的人,"
And with true love and brotherhood "因真诚的爱与手足之情"
Each other now embrace; "彼此拥抱吧!"
This holy tide of Christmas 这个神圣的圣诞之时
All others doth deface: 远离灾难与毁灭
O tidings of comfort and joy, 噢,天赐福音,带来舒适与喜悦
Comfort and joy, 舒适与喜悦
O tidings of comfort and joy 噢,天赐福音,带来舒适与喜悦
"It's odd, isn't it?" Potter scooped a handful of snow from the low terrace wall, forming a small ball between his pale hands. "How much it's snowed this year?" He tossed the snowball across the tiny garden, watching in satisfaction as it splattered against the frozen fountain. "It's not normally like that here."
"Silent, and soft, and slow descends the snow," Snape quoted. "Even as our cloudy fancies take suddenly shape in some divine expression, even as the troubled heart doth make in the white countenance confession, the troubled sky reveals the grief it feels."
Potter looked at him. "That's beautiful. What is it?"
"Snow-Flakes. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow." Snape looked up at the black velvet sky. "Occasionally Muggles are able to see the magic in simple things far better than we." He glanced over at Potter. "The world is being cleansed of its sorrow, Mr. Potter. (世上的忧伤正被洗涤,波特)"
"Please, don't make me stop," Potter whispered against his neck, his fingers still moving gently across Snape's cock. "I want you." He looked at his former professor, his eyes dark with desire. "I want you for Christmas."
Snow-Flakes by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
Out of the bosom of the Air,
Out of the cloud-folds of her garments shaken,
Over the woodlands brown and bare,
Over the harvest-fields forsaken,
Silent, and soft, and slow
Descends the snow.
Even as our cloudy fancies take
Suddenly shape in some divine expression,
Even as the troubled heart doth make
In the white countenance confession,
The troubled sky reveals
The grief it feels.
This is the poem of the air,
Slowly in silent syllables recorded;
This is the secret of despair,
Long in its cloudy bosom hoarded,
Now whispered and revealed
To wood and field.
雪絮 中译:穆旦
挣脱开大气的胸膛,
从它层叠的云裳里摇落,
在荒凉的、丰收后的田野上,
在一片林莽,棕黄而赤裸,
静静的,柔软的雪花
缓缓地朝地面落下。
有如我们迷离的梦幻
突然在庄严的字句里成形,
有如我们苍白的容颜
显示了纷乱内心的衷情,
纷乱的天空也表白
它所感到的悲哀。
这是天空所写的诗,
慢慢写在寂静的音节里;
这是绝望的秘密
久久隐藏在阴霾的心底;
现在,对着树林和田野;
它在低低诉说和倾泻。
……
1882年3月24日朗费罗逝世。伦敦威斯敏斯特教堂诗人之角安放了他的胸像,他是获得这种尊荣的第一位美国诗人。朗费罗一生创作了大量的抒情诗、歌谣、叙事诗和诗剧。作为诗人,他认为自己的使命是“以隽永的诗的形式创造出美国人共同的文化遗产,并在这个过程中培育一代诗歌读者”。他还提出了诗人的 3项任务:娱悦、鼓舞和教导。他的诗歌在美国广为传诵,在欧洲受到赞赏,被译成20余种文字;而20世纪以来,他的诗名急剧下降,其地位变化之大,在美国文学史上也是罕见的。
他人评价:
已故国学大师胡适曾译介朗费罗,将朗费罗的Daybreak译成五言古体诗,题为《晨风篇》,并介绍“朗费罗氏为美国第一诗人,其诗如吾国之陶潜,秀淡幽明,感人最深”。 据统计,穆旦最早翻译了朗费罗诗10首:《箭与歌》、《我失去的青春》、《晴和的一天》、《雪絮》、《孩子们》、《海草》、《阴湿沼泽里的奴隶》、《奴隶的梦》、《生之礼赞》、《破晓》,这些诗歌发表在《译文》上。穆旦认为“朗费罗的诗理应是不该被人民忘记的文学遗产”。穆旦的译文语言平易、质朴、简洁、生动,最接近朗费罗原著的语言风格,用词准确,描写生动,真实地再现了原诗的风格、色彩和气氛。 王晋华译的《朗费罗诗歌精选》采用的多是自由体,肯定了朗费罗“化典籍为神奇”的创作,其作品有“飘逸诡的诗风”、“凝练隽永的诗风”、“轻灵温馨的诗风”、“活泼凄婉的诗风”。
Longfellow wrote many lyric poems known for their musicality and often presenting stories of mythology and legend. He became the most popular American poet of his day and had success overseas. He has been criticized for imitating European styles and writing poetry that was too sentimental.
Toward the end of his life, contemporaries considered him as more of a children's poet, as many of his readers were children. A reviewer in 1848 accused Longfellow of creating a "goody two-shoes kind of literature ... slipshod, sentimental stories told in the style of the nursery, beginning in nothing and ending in nothing". A more modern critic said, "Who, except wretched schoolchildren, now reads Longfellow?" A London critic in the London Quarterly Review, however, condemned all American poetry—"with two or three exceptions, there is not a poet of mark in the whole union"—but he singled out Longfellow as one of those exceptions. An editor of the Boston Evening Transcript wrote in 1846, "Whatever the miserable envy of trashy criticism may write against Longfellow, one thing is most certain, no American poet is more read".
可共存性根据可共存性的哲学理论,若要考虑时间旅行的背景下可能发生的事,则必须考虑到所有与该情况相关的事情脉络。如果过去以某种方式发生了某件事,那件事在过去便不可能再以其他方式呈现。为了防止逻辑上的矛盾,时间旅人造访过去所能发生的事限定为已经发生过的事。
自洽性原则
以伊戈尔·德米特里耶维奇·诺维科夫命名的诺维科夫自洽性原则指出,时间旅人或其所采取的任何行动都是历史的一部分,因此时间旅人绝不可能“改变 ”历史。时间旅行的行为可能是他们自己过去事件的原因,这可能会导致因果循环,有时称为命定佯谬、本域论佯谬或鞋带佯谬。罗伯特·海莱因的故事《By His Bootstraps》普及了鞋带佯谬一词。诺维科夫的自洽性原则提出,时间旅人所在的时空区域和任何其他时空区域的本地(local)物理定律不可能有任何不同
哲学家凯利·罗斯(Kelley L. Ross)在《时间旅行佯谬》(Time Travel Paradoxes)[39]中指出,涉及世界线或历史在时间上形成闭环的物理对象的情况,可能违反了热力学第二定律。罗斯用《时光倒流七十年》作为这种本域论佯谬的一个例子,在这种佯谬中,手表被赋予一个人,60年后,同一只手表因回溯时间而被带回来并被赋予同一人。罗斯表示手表的熵会增加,且每次回溯并重复那段历史时都会变得更旧。现代物理学家将热力学第二定律理解为统计定律,因此减少熵或不增加熵并非完全不可能,只是不太可能。此外,孤立系统的熵在统计上增加,而与外部世界相互作用的非隔离系统(例如一物体)可以变新并减少熵。因此,世界线形成环的物体可以在其历史上的同一点始终处于相同的状态。
先知悖论
某人到达未来,得知将发生不幸结果A。他回到现实做出了避免导致结果的行动,发生结果B。那么结果A在未来根本没有发生,他就不可能得知结果A。
AEDH WISHES FOR THE CLOTHS OF HEAVEN
Had I the heavens’ embroidered cloths,
Enwrought with golden and silver light,
The blue and the dim and the dark cloths
Of night and light and the half light,
I would spread the cloths under your feet:
But I, being poor, have only my dreams;
I have spread my dreams under your feet;
Tread softly because you tread on my dreams.
他冀求天国的锦缎
假如我有天国的锦绣绸缎,
那用金色银色的光线织就,
黑夜、白天、黎明和傍晚,
湛蓝、灰暗和漆黑的锦缎,
我就把这锦缎铺于你脚下;
可我,一贫如洗,只有梦;
我把我的梦铺在了你脚下,
轻点,因为你踏着我的梦。
《他希冀天国的锦缎》这是诗人威廉·巴特勒·叶芝为他倾慕的女子茅德·冈(Maud Gonne)所写的诗篇之一。茅德·冈虽然拒绝了他的求婚,但他们依然保持着那份友谊。诗人将心爱的女子比作王后,希望用五彩缤纷的织锦为她铺作地毯。这绚丽的织锦可与天上朝飞暮卷、变幻莫测的云霞相媲美。而事实上,他所能给的只有他最珍贵的梦想——他的诗歌、心血及一切。诗人用委婉的语气,表现出真挚的情意,希望获得对方的欢心,达成所愿。
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